ROM (Run-of-Mine) minerals such as iron ore, coal, and limestone arrive in large lumps and are crushed into smaller sizes. This is the most intense dust-generating stage in mining.
Dust Generation Mechanism
High-impact dumping into hopper → huge dust plumes
Primary crushing → Fine respirable particles (PM10 / PM2.5)
Gravity transfer → dust escapes through gaps
Root Causes
Dry rock breakdown → Silica dust release
Hopper turbulence entrains dust upward
Poor chute sealing causes leakage
Regulatory + Production Impact
Worker exposure → Respiratory disease risks
Equipment fouling → Bearings & motors fail early
Frequent shutdowns for cleaning → Low productivity